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The Trustworthy AI Requirements

Release 2023

This version:
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
Latest version:
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair#
Authors:
Dave Lewis✉
Contributors:
Julio Noe Hernandez Torres✉
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Cite as:
To cite this work, please reference: Julio Hernandez, & Dave Lewis. (2023). Open Requirements Modelling for Compliance and Conformity of Trustworthy AI. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7569540
TAIR Ontology Specification Draft

Abstract

Understanding the degree to which standards compliance will deliver regulatory compliance for AI remains a complex challenge. The Trustworthy AI Requirements (TAIR) ontology offers a simple and repeatable mechanism for extracting and sharing the terms and concepts relevant to normative statements in the legal and standards texts into open knowledge graphs. The TAIR ontology provides the elements to describe requirements and concepts associated with a specific ISO standard. This representation is used to assess the adequacy of standards conformance to regulatory compliance and thereby provide a basis for identifying areas where further technical consensus development in trustworthy AI value chains will be required to achieve regulatory compliance.

Introduction back to ToC

The Trustworthy AI Requirements (TAIR) ontology provides the necessary classes and properties to describe requirements and concepts from legal documents, such as directives or standards.

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
tair<http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair>
oa<http://www.w3.org/ns/oa>
owl<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl>
rdf<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns>
xml<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
xsd<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema>
skos<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core>
rdfs<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema>
ontolex<http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex>

TAIR: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Cross-reference for TAIR classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by TAIR.

Classes

Activityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/Activity

An activity
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Concept c

Agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/Agent

An agent
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Concept c
has sub-classes
Stakeholder c
is in range of
exhibitedTo op

AI application developerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/AiApplicationDeveloper

An AI application developer
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Value chain organization c

AI model developerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/AiModelDeveloper

An AI model developer
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Value chain organization c

AI Systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/AiSystem

An AI System
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Asset c

AI userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/AiUser

An AI user
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Value chain organization c

Annotationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#Annotation

The class for Web Annotations.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
is in domain of
hasBody op, hasTarget op

Assetc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/Asset

The asset of an AI System
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Entity c
has sub-classes
AI System c, Dataset c, Test c

Conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/Concept

A concept used to refer to a resource.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
lexical concept c
has sub-classes
Activity c, Agent c, Entity c, Exhibited characteristic c
is in range of
exhibitedBy op, implementedBy op, trackedBy op

Conjuntive requirementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/ConjuntiveRequirement

A set of requirement fragments that, as a whole, comply with a single clause or paragraph.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Requirement c
is disjoint with
Disjuntive requirement c

Data providerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/DataPovider

A data provider
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Value chain organization c

Datasetc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/Dataset

A dataset
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Asset c

Disjuntive requirementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/DisjuntiveRequirement

The clause or paragraph requires to comply with one of two or more requirements.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Requirement c
is disjoint with
Conjuntive requirement c

Entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/Entity

An entity
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Concept c
has sub-classes
Asset c
is in range of
affectedBy op

Exhibited characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/ExhibitedCharacteristic

An exhibited characteristic
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Concept c
is in domain of
exhibitedBy op, exhibitedTo op

Formc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#Form

A form represents one grammatical realization of a lexical entry.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
is in domain of
written representation op
is in range of
canonical form op, lexical form op, other form op

Organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/Organization

An organization
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Stakeholder c
has sub-classes
Value chain organization c

Requirementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/Requirement

A text description of a requirement to comply with a standard, directive, or any other document.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Requirement collection c, concept c
has sub-classes
Conjuntive requirement c, Disjuntive requirement c, Requirement specification c
is in domain of
affectedBy op, constrainedBy op, elaboratedBy op, implementedBy op, satisfiedBy op, specifiedBy op, trackedBy op, uses op
is in range of
hasTarget op, satisfiedBy op

Requirement collectionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/RequirementCollection

A set of requirements
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
collection c
has sub-classes
Requirement c
is in domain of
decomposes op
is in range of
decomposes op

Requirement specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/RequirementSpecification

A text whose content helps to comply with a requirement. Usually, the content makes reference to another resource to complement the information.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Requirement c

Stakeholderc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/Stakeholder

A stakeholder
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Agent c
has sub-classes
Organization c

Testc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/Test

A required test for the requirement
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Asset c

Value chain organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/ValueChainOrg

A value chain of an organization.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-classes
Organization c
has sub-classes
AI application developer c, AI model developer c, AI user c, Data provider c

Object Properties

affectedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/affectedBy

The subject (requirement) is affected by the object (resource) such as a defect or issue.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Requirement c
has range
Entity c

canonical formop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#canonicalForm

The 'canonical form' property relates a lexical entry to its canoncical or dictionary form. This usually indicates the 'lemma' form of a lexical entry.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
lexical entry c
has range
Form c

constrainedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/constrainedBy

The subject (requirement) is affected by the object to complying with it.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Requirement c
has range
resource c

decomposesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/decomposes

The object (a requirement or requirement collection) decomposes the subject (requirement collection)
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Requirement collection c
has range
Requirement collection c

denotesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#denotes

The 'denotes' property relates a lexical entry to a predicate in a given ontology that represents its meaning and has some denotational or model-theoretic semantics.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
lexical entry c
has range
resource c

elaboratedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/elaboratedBy

Denotes the responsible in the requirement(s) elaboration.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Requirement c
has range
resource c

exhibitedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/exhibitedBy

Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Exhibited characteristic c
has range
Concept c

exhibitedToop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/exhibitedTo

Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Exhibited characteristic c
has range
Agent c

hasBodyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#hasBody

The object of the relationship is a resource that is a body of the Annotation.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Annotation c
has range
lexical entry c

hasTargetop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#hasTarget

The relationship between an Annotation and its Target.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Annotation c
has range
Requirement c

implementedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/implementedBy

The subject (requirement) is implemented by the object.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Requirement c
has range
Concept c

labelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label

has range
literal c

lexical formop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#lexicalForm

The 'lexical form' property relates a lexical entry to one grammatical form variant of the lexical entry.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
lexical entry c
has range
Form c

other formop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#otherForm

The 'other form' property relates a lexical entry to a non-preferred ('non-lemma') form that realizes the given lexical entry.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
lexical entry c
has range
Form c

satisfiedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/satisfiedBy

The subject is satisfied by the object.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Requirement c
has range
Requirement c

specifiedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/specifiedBy

The subject is specified by the object.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has super-properties
top object property
has domain
Requirement c
has range
resource c

trackedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/trackedBy

The subject is tracked by the object.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Requirement c
has range
Concept c

usesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair/uses

The subject uses a resource.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Requirement c
has range
resource c

written representationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#writtenRep

The 'written representation' property indicates the written representation of a form.
Is defined by
http://tair.adaptcentre.ie/ontologies/tair
has domain
Form c
has range
lang string c

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.